Transcriptional analysis of PHT genes indicated that PHT1 is highly expressed under low-Pi conditions. The PHOSPHATE TRANSPORTER1 ( PHT1) family, a group of nine closely related members, mediates external Pi uptake.
PHOSPHATE2 ( PHO2), which encodes a ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme (UBC24), functions as a repressor and prevents excessive accumulation of Pi by controlling Pi uptake and root-to-shoot Pi translocation. Intracellular acid phosphatases play an important role in P homeostasis in planta, whereas secreted acid phosphatases are intimately related to the utilization of organic phosphate in soils, which cannot be readily assimilated by plants in their organic form. Purple acid phosphatases ( PAPs), which are important members of PSI gene families, hydrolyze organic phosphates into Pi. PSI genes are commonly used as markers for the Pi starvation response. Thus, plants have developed various alternative systems to adapt to low Pi, including symbiotic interactions with mycorrhizae, the secretion of acid phosphatases, root hair elongation, the accumulation of anthocyanins, reduced plant growth, and the up-regulation of phosphate starvation-inducing (PSI) genes. Phosphate (Pi) is an essential macronutrient for plants and plays an important role in major metabolic processes however, a large component of Pi in soil is present in organic compounds, meaning that much of the Pi is insoluble and not readily available to plants. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedĭata Availability: All RNAseq data files are available from the DDBJ database (accession number DRA001683).įunding: This work was supported in part by grants from the Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) (T.A.), the Kato Memorial Bioscience Foundation (S.I.) and MEXT-Supported Program for the Strategic Research Foundation at Private Universities, 2013–2017 (S1311017). Received: JAccepted: JanuPublished: March 20, 2015Ĭopyright: © 2015 Ito et al. Pandey, University of Delhi South Campus, INDIA PLoS ONE 10(3):Īcademic Editor: Girdhar K. (2015) Strigolactone Regulates Anthocyanin Accumulation, Acid Phosphatases Production and Plant Growth under Low Phosphate Condition in Arabidopsis. So, to convert directly from bar to pounds per square inch, you multiply by 14.503774.Citation: Ito S, Nozoye T, Sasaki E, Imai M, Shiwa Y, Shibata-Hatta M, et al. Or, you can find the single factor you need by dividing the A factor by the B factor.įor example, to convert from bar to pounds per square inch you would multiply by 100000 then divide by 6894.757. To convert among any units in the left column, say from A to B, you can multiply by the factor for A to convert A into Pascals then divide by the factor for B to convert out of Pascals. To convert from Pa into units in the left columnĭivide by the value in the right column or, multiply by the reciprocal, 1/x.ĥ00000 Pa / 100000 = 5 bar Multiply by the conversion value in the right column in the table below.ĥ bar * 100000 = 500000 Pa To simply convert from any unit into pascals, for example, from 5 bar, just
Where S is our starting value, C is our conversion factor, and
#201325 PASCAL TO PSI HOW TO#
How to Convert Units of PressureĬonversions are performed by using a conversion factor. By knowing the conversion factor, converting between units can become a simple multiplication problem: Some are obvious, such as pounds per square inch, but even the SI standard Pascal is actually an expression of one Newton per square meter. Since pressure is derived from force and area, many units for pressure directly relate force to area. Where P is equal to pressure, F is the normal force and A is area. Pressure is a scalar quality reflecting how force acts on a surface.
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